'Primitive' beers draw crowds at Belgian brewery

Foam coming out of a barrel containing 'lambic' in the process of aging at Cantillon brewery in Brussels. Photo: Simon Wohlfahrt / AFP
Source: AFP

Winding between copper vats and oak barrels, a cluster of early-morning visitors filed through a cavernous Brussels building for an up-close peek at craft beers brewed using a centuries-old method -- before sampling the result.

Since it was founded in 1900 in Anderlecht, a working-class district of the Belgian capital, Brasserie Cantillon has been turning out so-called primitive "lambic" beers that are steeped in local tradition.

Brasserie Cantillon's speciality is a niche type of beer known as 'gueuze'. Photo: Simon Wohlfahrt / AFP
Source: AFP

What makes lambics special is they start with a process known as spontaneous fermentation -- through exposure to wild yeasts, specifically those native to Belgium's Zenne valley -- as opposed to cultivated brewer's yeast.

Aged in wood barrels for months to years, which allows for a secondary fermentation to occur as the beer's sugars convert to carbon dioxide, the result is a distinctive dry beer with a faintly tart aftertaste.

Cantillon's speciality is an even more niche type of beer known as "gueuze" -- a blend of lambics from different years and whose fruity varieties include kriek, or cherry in Flemish -- that has around 20 brewers in Belgium.

Towards the end of the 1970s, the brewery decided to set itself apart by turning its operations into a museum that today draws more than 30,000 visitors a year, amid a broader surge of enthusiasm for craft beers and micro-breweries.

On this November morning, tourists from Italy, France, Japan and Britain rubbed shoulders in what is billed as the last working lambic brewery in Brussels, watching its workers ply their craft.

'Long lost'

Joining the tourists were two interns from Canada's Quebec including Isabelle Gignac -- a beer professional in her thirties who works at a micro-brewery on the shores of the Gaspe Peninsula.

Her boss sent her to Cantillon for five weeks to bring back some of its know-how.

Gueuze beers are aged in wood barrels for months to years, allowing a secondary fermentation to occur. Photo: Simon Wohlfahrt / AFP
Source: AFP

"What makes a difference between the beers brewed here is how long they are aged, and what barrels are used," she said.

Morello cherry, haskap, elderberry flower: the brewery uses a whole palette of fruity aromas for its gueuze beers, adding them at the secondary fermentation stage.

"Lambic is what comes closest to primitive beer -- the kind that was made before Louis Pasteur and microbiologists discovered how yeast works in the second half of the 19th century," explained one of Cantillon's co-owners, Jean-Pierre Van Roy.

Brewer Jean-Pierre Van Roy checking the production at Brasserie Cantillon. Photo: Simon Wohlfahrt / AFP
Source: AFP

Compared to the 6.5 million hectolitres of beer imbibed in Belgium last year, Cantillon's output is a mere drop, with an annual 2,500 hectolitres (55,00 UK gallons) produced on average. Two-thirds of that are sold abroad.

Together with his wife Claude Cantillon, granddaughter of the brewery's founder Paul Cantillon, the couple remain majority stakeholders in the family business while the day to day is handled by their three children.

John Gallagher, an Irish academic based in Leeds in northern England, inherited his taste for Belgian brewing from a well-travelled uncle.

"These are beers rooted in a 'terroir,'" he said approvingly as he sipped from a red fruit variety, using the French term designating the particular mix of soil, climate and culture that feeds a product's character.

"That's what gives them such a reputation with beer lovers," Gallagher said. "In England, traditional methods have been long lost."

Source: AFP